Buddhism :: essays research papers

Buddhism1.) The First Noble Truth - "Dukkha"A.) The First Noble Truth seems to be an intrinsic understanding that every last(predicate)things argon impermanent. This impermanence causes us to feel frustrated when wecant hold on to people or things we think we need. This need helps us feelwanted and/or important.Dukkha can also be described as the suffering we experience and see inour lives. Unpleasant conditions such as being sick, seeing our love ones getsick and die, getting aggravated over things our children do, losing a job, etc.cause us to experience Dukkha. The Buddha felt that this suffering was broughton by our fond regard to people and things. Only by drug withdrawal and selfless actscan we become free from the unpleasantness of Dukkha.     Another aspect of Dukkha deals with the belief in the           importance of oneself. The Five Aggregates are the foundation of this aspect.The "I" saying & quotI" creates the illusion of "I" which consists of matter,sensations, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness. These five itemsproduce the compound being that experiences Dukkha.B.) I Believe I obligate significance to things or events that arent intentionallyproducing Dukkha. Im leaving my house to go to work and I happen to leave acouple of minutes late well-read that there is a possibility that I might be late.As Im driving someone pulls in front of me and is maybe doing the speed limit.I right off go into reaction mode. This is where I have to realize that theperson in front of me is not intentionally trying to make me late for work. (notuntil I ratty my highbeams or honk my horn)Looking at situations objectively and being more proactive can helpus deal with Dukkha better. I believe the Buddha mum that "DukkhaHappens" so its how we deal with it that can cause the frustration, sadness, andsuffering.C.) I have mixed feelings on the concept of D ukkha. Specifically with theelement of detachment.I agree with the appraisal of detachment from material things but I dont      agreewhen it comes to people. Although I believe material things      come and go withmemories of them fading as time goes on, I feel as      people come and gothrough our lives, the memories of attachment stay      with us embedded in ourhearts as well as in our mind. (Darshana ?)The idea of everything being an illusion or Maya is tough toconceptualize. I do believe we are the thinker behind the thought. The "I"creates the illusion of who we are and how we behave.

History of Arkansas Tech University :: essays research papers

History of argon Tech UniversityEst. 1909Arkansas ranked 42nd out of the 46 states in annual per capita school notes at a mere $4.97 per student. Citizens started to feel the need for secondary information for their children roughly ardently. The Washington County Farmers Union started the concept of agricultural boarding schools. H.S. Mobley was one of the most fluent spokesman for the Union. He believed in vocational education, and he pleaded for schools where students might drive partly by cogitationing with their hands at practical farm work under trained instructors. In 1908, the Arkansas Democratic platform endorsed the idea of farmers schools and George W. Donaghey advocated four-spot such schools in his campaign for governor. The bill that was introduced to the Senate was referred to the husbandry committee, which reported the bill back to the House of Representatives on January 30, 1909, with the recommendation that it be passed. The bill passed the House on Februar y 5, 1909, and the Senate on March 23, 1909. It was signed into law as Act 100 by Governor Donaghey on April 1, 1909. By family 30, 1909, the board members had been appointed.The town wishing to be considered as the location for one of the four schools must offer a minimum of $40,000 and a site of not less than two hundred farming. The citizens of Russellville were very interested in meeting these bid conditions. A story in the January 1910 Courier Democrat stated that Atkins had raised $30,000 and 320 acres of land toward a bid for the school, apparently only four towns were in the utmost bidding Fort Smith with $40,000 and 200 acres of land Ozark with $40,000 and 200 acres of land Russellville with $40,000 and 220 acres of land and Morrilton with $46,000 and 200 acres of land. It originally appeared that Morrilton went to Ozark with the beaver bid. However, apparently at the last moment the Russellville delegation led by Judge R.B. Wilson raised its bid by offering free lights and urine for tierce years. Russellville was also favored because of its healthfulness of location, its railroad connections with Dardanelle, Ola, Little Rock, and Fort Smith, Arkansas, its quality of soil, its key location in the district, its proposed site close to town, and its location directly on the water and light lines coming from the dam. February 10, 1910, was a great day in Russellville.History of Arkansas Tech University essays research papers History of Arkansas Tech UniversityEst. 1909Arkansas ranked 42nd out of the 46 states in annual per capita school funds at a mere $4.97 per student. Citizens started to feel the need for secondary education for their children most ardently. The Washington County Farmers Union started the concept of agricultural boarding schools. H.S. Mobley was one of the most fluent spokesman for the Union. He believed in vocational education, and he pleaded for schools where students might learn partly by working with their hands at practi cal farm work under trained instructors. In 1908, the Arkansas Democratic platform endorsed the idea of farmers schools and George W. Donaghey advocated four such schools in his campaign for governor. The bill that was introduced to the Senate was referred to the agriculture committee, which reported the bill back to the House of Representatives on January 30, 1909, with the recommendation that it be passed. The bill passed the House on February 5, 1909, and the Senate on March 23, 1909. It was signed into law as Act 100 by Governor Donaghey on April 1, 1909. By September 30, 1909, the board members had been appointed.The town wishing to be considered as the location for one of the four schools must offer a minimum of $40,000 and a site of not less than 200 acres. The citizens of Russellville were very interested in meeting these bid conditions. A story in the January 1910 Courier Democrat stated that Atkins had raised $30,000 and 320 acres of land toward a bid for the school, appar ently only four towns were in the final bidding Fort Smith with $40,000 and 200 acres of land Ozark with $40,000 and 200 acres of land Russellville with $40,000 and 220 acres of land and Morrilton with $46,000 and 200 acres of land. It originally appeared that Morrilton went to Ozark with the best bid. However, apparently at the last moment the Russellville delegation led by Judge R.B. Wilson raised its bid by offering free lights and water for three years. Russellville was also favored because of its healthfulness of location, its railroad connections with Dardanelle, Ola, Little Rock, and Fort Smith, Arkansas, its quality of soil, its central location in the district, its proposed site close to town, and its location directly on the water and light lines coming from the dam. February 10, 1910, was a great day in Russellville.

Steven King :: essays research papers

Stephen queen regnant often called Master of Horror is a well-known author for his horror stories, and science fiction novels. He had many influences on how has written his books. King has also faced many hardships within his life. King was born in Portland, Maine on September 21, 1947 to Nellie Ruth King and Donald Edwin King at the Maine General Hospital. Stephen was the yet natural born child in the family, as his brother David was adopted at birth in 1945.The Kings were your average family until one shadow when his father Donald said he was going out for a pack of cigarettes, and never returned home. Stephen at the time was only three years old. His father had a large collection of science fiction novels in which Stephen read growing up. By the time Stephen was seven years old, he wrote his first short story. He also was a fan of the 50s horror movies, which inspired him to write in the science fiction field. Stephens stories were also influenced by the ordinal century gothi c tradition, especially the writings of Edgar Allan Poe. King as a teenager, joined the football team, played in a rock band, yet comfort had two of his short stories published. King started his actually writing career in January of 1959 when he and his brother David decided to publish their own local newspaper. So David bought a mimeograph and they called their paper Daves Rag, and it sold for 5 cents and issue.King attended high school in Lisbon, Maine at Lisbon High School in 1962. Him and his best friend Chris Chesley published a collection of 18 short stories called People, Places, and Things-Volume I. A year later King and Gaslight Books published a two break out book titled The Star Invaders.King made his first published appearance in 1965. His story, I Was a Teenage Grave Robber, which was only about 6000 words in length. The story was published in a magazine named Comics Review.In 1966, King graduated from high school and took his scholarship from the University of Maine at Orono. He received a bachelors degree in English and a certificate to teach high school in June 1970. He then married Tabitha Jane Spruce on January 2, 1971.King accepted a teaching job at Hampden Academy as an English teacher, and so they moved to Hermon.King started to write and submit novels to publishing companies, but had not luck.

Sears Essentials :: essays research papers

I.Introductiona.Sears Essenials A new type of store from Sears.b.Cover who they are, what has been done, when new stores rough and what stores are open now, locations, and the aim of these new stores.II.Whoa.Sears Essentials is a new store format that opened after the merger with K-Martb.Sears Essentials was originally planned as stores in areas where there was no competition, but may be expanding into areas with high levels of competitionIII.Whata.These stores are a combination ofi.Pantry itemsii.Appareliii.Toolsiv.House Waresv.Sporting Goodsvi.Toysvii.Lawn & Gardenviii.Appliancesix.Mediax.Electronicsxi.Optometry, Pharmacy, Auto prepareb.Originally planned to have 25 stores opening, but will be expanding into 47 by the end of the calendar year.c.Aimed to compete with Target and Wal-Martd.Provides many items at a lower price than is available in the Sears Grand locationse.Off-Mall locations designed to get into areas that are not generally near a mallf.Combines the Sears expose with the single-floor, clean and bright layout of K-mart. IV.Whena.Store openings have already begun. With over 26 open stores, 12 more opening in August, and 9 more schedule to open in October, this is a quickly growing chain.b.In the Florida areas, there are 3 stores opening in August and 1 in Octoberi.Clearwater (Open)ii.western hemisphere Palm Beach (Open)iii.Deland (Open)iv.Cape Coral (Opens in October)V.Wherea.3020 Se Federal Hwy, Stuart, FL 34997b.1363 NW St Lucie W B, Port St. Lucie, FL 34986c.101 E International Speedway Blvd, Deland, FL 32724d.2130 Gulf to talk Blvd., Clearwater, FL 33765e.4717 S. Florida Avenue, Lakeland, FL 33813f.2310 Del Prado Blvd South, Cape Coral, FL 33990 (Opening Late October)g.5750 NW 183rd St, Hialeah, FL 33015h.15201 N Cleveland, Suite 1500, North Fort Myers, FL 33903i.4560 Forest Hill Blvd, West Palm Beach, FL 33415j.9500 9th St N, St. Petersburg, FL 33702VI.Whya.Sears and Kmart have both been losing commercialize shares and in several years will go away without changes to their structures. b.Sears Essentials, as a combination of Sears and Kmart, offers an opportunity for them to compete on the level of Walmart and Target.

Restraint, Weight Suppression, and Self-Report Reliability: How Much D :: essays research papers

     In the analytical report entitled Restraint, Weight Suppression, and Self-Report Reliability How Much Do You Really Weigh? By P.J. Morgan and D.B. Jeffrey, they look at the eating habits of people and categorize them as three roles of people. Those categories are Dieting and Overeating assort, Current Dieting, and Weight Suppression. The Dieting/Overeating convocation consists of "individuals who undergo repetitive cycles of dieting and overeating,"(Morgan, 1999). They cede the appearance of a diet, but overeat every once in a while to make up for it and to fulfill food desires. The Current Dieting group "encompasses those who consider themselves to be currently on a diet and who consume less food than what is indispensable than what is required for maintenance of their current weight," (Morgan, 1999). They are geniuss that eat small portions of food and starve themselves to keep their weight down or to lose weight. This can besides be categorized as anorexia nervosa, a clinical eating disorder that afflicts primarily women. The last category is the Weight Suppressors, who "successfully lost weight and have kept it off for some time," (Morgan, 1999). These people have lost the weight by some means and have kept the weight off by adopting remediate eating and exercise habits. The groups were split into two groups, the control group and the variable group. The experiment was to see what the effects would be on each type of person in the variable group when enticed with a milkshake "Preload" which tastes better than a regular milkshake and is higher in fat and calories. The control group would not receive the "Preload" shake so the experimenters could monitor normal reactions of persons from each group. The result was the "Preload" group ate more than the control group regardless of their category. The authors conclude that the dieting and appetite suppression is a mental game of th e person and is only as strong as their own conscience and taste. However, that is only one way to look at the information. The structural functionalist perspective focuses on the manifest and latent reasons for dieting. The manifest reason a person to diet is to look better physically. Physical acceptability is very important to people, both male and female alike. It is a part of out status as a human and gives harbor to our appearance as well. The latent function is to make ourselves healthier inside and out, by improving our immune system and eliminating cholesterol from our blood vessel, which could cause blockage.

Restraint, Weight Suppression, and Self-Report Reliability: How Much D :: essays research papers

     In the analytical report entitled Restraint, confert Suppression, and Self-Report Reliability How Much Do You Really Weigh? By P.J. Morgan and D.B. Jeffrey, they carry at the eating habits of people and categorize them as three types of people. Those categories are Dieting and overeating group, Current Dieting, and Weight Suppression. The Dieting/Overeating group consists of "individuals who undergo repetitive cycles of dieting and overeating,"(Morgan, 1999). They have the appearance of a diet, but overeat every once in a while to coiffe up for it and to fulfill aliment desires. The Current Dieting group "encompasses those who consider themselves to be currently on a diet and who consume less food than what is required than what is required for maintenance of their current weight down," (Morgan, 1999). They are ones that eat small portions of food and starve themselves to keep their weight down or to lose weight. This kindle also be cat egorized as anorexia nervosa, a clinical eating disorder that afflicts primarily women. The last category is the Weight Suppressors, who "successfully lost weight and have kept it saturnine for some time," (Morgan, 1999). These people have lost the weight by some means and have kept the weight off by adopting better eating and exercise habits. The groups were split into two groups, the surmount group and the variable group. The experiment was to see what the effects would be on severally type of person in the variable group when enticed with a milkshake "Preload" which tastes better than a regular milkshake and is higher in fat and calories. The control group would not receive the "Preload" shake so the experimenters could monitor normal reactions of persons from each group. The result was the "Preload" group ate more than the control group irrespective of their category. The authors concluded that the dieting and appetite suppression is a mental g ame of the person and is entirely as strong as their own conscience and taste. However, that is only one way to look at the information. The structural functionalist perspective focuses on the manifest and latent reasons for dieting. The manifest reason a person to diet is to look better physically. Physical acceptability is very important to people, both male and female alike. It is a part of out status as a military man and gives value to our appearance as well. The latent function is to make ourselves healthier inside and out, by improving our immune system and eliminating cholesterol from our blood vessel, which could baffle blockage.

A summary of Literature Review of the Health Effects of Obesity

Heslehurst et al (2008), in a study about complications of corpulency, sought to determine the effect of maternal BMI status on outcomes of pregnancy with immediate short obstetric resource implications.The study was a meta-analysis study that aimed to investigate the relationships between maternal obesity and its impact on obstetric care. Literature concerning cohort studies of enceinte mothers was searched. The meaning(a) women under study were required to have their anthropometric measurements taken within sixteen weeks gestation, followed up during pregnancy with at least 1 cogent and 1 group for comparison.The meta-analysis showed that maternal obesity was significantly related to increased odds of instrumental and caesarian deliveries, hemorrhages, infections, longer hospital stay and increased requirement for neonatal care. Maternal obesity had a significant contribution to poor prognosis for mother and baby when delivering and immediately during the post-partum period.Th e National clinical for managing obese pregnant women and public health should urgently therefore come up with interventions to address health of mothers and their babies.Study 2Sullivan et al (2008) sought to investigate the effect of obesity on diabetes, high blood pressure and hyperlipedemia. The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for 2000 and 2002 was used to estimate the impact of health on people with hyperlipedemia, diabetes and hypertension.Multivariate regression methods for controlling variables such as age, race, sex, ethnicity, education, insurance, income, have status, proxy response and morbidity were used. Instruments used in the study include SF-12 physical component scale (PCS-12), mental component scale (MCS-12), visual one-dimensional scale (VAS) and EQ-5D index. The least absolute deviation that was censored was used to for the VAS and EQ-5D while the ordinary least squares (OLS) were employed for the PCS-12 and MCS-12.It was concluded that, obesity signi ficantly aggravates the crosstie between diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipedemia and health function, health perception in United States.Merten et al (2008) undertook a study to investigate racial and gender differences in adolescent and immature adult psychosocial outcomes. Sample size used was 7,881 African American (915 males and 1,073 females) and white (2864 males and 3029 females) adolescents. The study was basically concerned with examinations of psychosocial consequences that are encountered by obese adolescents.Results of the study showed that obesity in females is associated with lower status when one attains young adulthood. The obese females also tend to be depressive than normal weight females. However, obesity status does not arrogate the psychosocial outcomes in young adult males. There was no evidence to indicate an interaction between obesity and race.Conclusion fleshiness in individuals leads to both psychological and physiological consequences. corpulency in pr egnant women causes various complications which include hemorrhages, neonatal trauma, caesarian and instrumental deliveries among others. obesity in teenagers leads to low self esteem especially in girls. At the same time obesity exacerbates hyperlipedemia, diabetes and hypertension in individuals suffering from these conditions.ReferencesWang, F and Veugelers, P.J (2008). Self-esteem and cognitive development in the era of the childhood obesity epidemic. Obesity Reviews. 9(6) 615-623Qi et al (2008). Gene-environment interaction and obesity. Nutrition Reviews. 66(12)684- 694.Heslehurst et al (2008). The impact of maternal BMI status on pregnancy outcomes with immediate short-term obstetric resource implications a meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 9(6) 635-683.Sullivan et al (2008). The impact of obesity on diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hypertension in the United States, Quality of Life Research 17(8)1063-1071Merten et al (2008). Adolescent Obesity and three-year-old Adult Psychosocial Outcomes Gender and Racial Differences, Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 37(9)1111-1122. Other Sources for Literature Review of health effects of obesity

Salbutamol Resistance

The supreme effect can take place within five to fifteen minutes. The different routes atomic number 18 orally (via tablets) and intravenously. Salomon has a number of medical uses, but It is mainly utilize to treat asthma and exercise Induced bronchuss. Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Is some other key use of this drug (diseases In this category Include chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Other less widely applied uses is in treatment of premature labor in obstetrics since the drug can also relax uterine unflurried muscles intravenous administration) and in the treatment of cystic fibrosis in combination with other drugs (3).Des couplee ten Tact Tanat tens Aragua NAS Eden Invaluable In ten treatment AT serious medical conditions like asthma, there is still a serious pitfall in the long-term use of the drug since to the highest degree people who have been on it for a long era tend to the develop some form of drug resistivity/tolerance to the drug. This r esults in a slower and less dynamic effect of the drug on patients who have been using it chronically. therefore, directly translating to the need to adjust dose and frequency of the drug administration, this can become quite a burden to everyone involved.Down regulation of the 2- receptors and a reduction of their sensitivity (desensitizing) causes this resistance (4). The drug has an intricate mode of action that involves a number of pathways at microscopic kiosk level. Initially, it acts by binding on important epinephrin receptors (4). The receptor is coupled to a stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (as protein) and normally fluctuates between different conformations in the inactive state (5). Once the agonies (Salomon) binds to the receptor, it stabilizes one of the info leading to the activation of the G-protein.The G-protein is a transmigrate signal transducer that has alpha and beta-gamma subunits (6). After activation of the protein the alpha subunit disso ciates, resulting in a form that stimulates activity of the enzyme thickly cycles (7). This enzyme now increases the production of cyclic adenosine Mephistopheles (CAMP) in the cell. It does this by transforming adenosine troposphere (TAP) into CAMP through depopulations and structure shifting (8). Increased levels of CAMP results in activation of CAMP- dependent protein kinas A.Protein kingies are enzymes that modify proteins by adding to them a phosphate group(usually derived from TAP). This phosphorescently leads to a functional change in the targeted protein either by altering the enzyme activity, its intracellular location or its fundamental interaction with other proteins (9). Protein kinas A is a CAMP dependent kinas and in the activated form, it works in two ways (all of which leads to relaxation of a smooth muscle) first, it decreases the acting- myosin interactions by phosphorescently the myosin light chain (10). Secondly, it lowers intracellular calcium concentration in the smooth muscle cells.This reduction comes about via two well researched and understood instruments. The first mechanism involves the regulation of influx and efflux of calcium through the calcium channels in the sarcoma (which is the cell wall). Protein kinas A causes the channels to increase the efflux of calcium from the cell and decreases influx (11). The second mechanism involves the ceroplastic reticulum which is the chief store of calcium in the cell. The kinas stimulates uptake of calcium into the store, therefore, reducing its overall concentration in the cytol (12).The effect of these woo mechanisms (low calcium) leads to smooth muscle relaxation. Lastly, research shows that raised levels of CAMP causes a cessation of the release of mediators of inflammation from mast cells in the respiratory tract (13). on the whole of these elaborate actions give Salomon its potency in dilating constricted airways and reducing obstruction secondary to inflammatory processes. But pro longed use and impression to this drug leads to study of a resistance to it. Many schools of thought have come up with possible explanations as to now tens napes rater years AT Intense research.However, ten most accepted explanation is down regulation of the 2-receptors and desensitizing of the same (14). It is now universally accepted that a cells surface expression of this receptor and its coupling to sign of the zodiac pathways inside the cell shows a negative feedback loop that works to reduce the cell responsiveness to prolonged occupation of the receptor by agonies lagans. When an agonies attaches to the receptor, the stabilization involves phosphorescently (15). This usually interferes with how the receptor couples with the Gas-protein therefore, limiting its function in what is comm scarcely referred to as desensitizing.Desensitizing thus leads to reduction in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways secondary to prolonged receptor stimulation (16). This mechani sm of uncoupling is rapid and reversible in nature, usually seen after short-term exposure. Phosphorescently of the receptor usually happens due to protein kinas A dependent pathways or by activation of G-protein receptor kingies named beta -ARKS (17). Tissues of different types show different degrees of this uncoupling when exposed to stimulatory lagans, and this can be due to the differences in activity of the above mentioned phosphorescently mechanism.Apart from desensitizing another key process leading to Salomon resistance is the receptor down regulation. When 2-receptors stimulation pass bys for prolonged duration, they show a negative feedback mechanism that reduces their quantity of expression on the cell surface (18). The mechanism behind this is not particularly clear, but it is strongly believed to be due to receptor trafficking to lissome for destruction. Research has shown that chronic exposure to Salomon does not only lead to uncoupling but also receptor initializatio n from the cell surface.Initialization occurs through the process indications, which happens via Claritin coated pit endoscope pathway that works by forming buds from the cell membrane (19). When this process begins, Claritin (which is a small intracellular protein) begins to arrange on the inner surface of the cells plasma membrane below the soon to be internalized receptor. The linear ends then start coming together to form a circular Claritin coated pit that has now engulfed a part of the plasma membrane, the receptor and some extracurricular fluid (20).The pit buds off into the cell and the ends of the plasma membrane come together to correct the deficit left on the surface. This pit is now referred to as a vesicle, and it traffics contents to a cell organelle known as a lissome (21). This organelle has an acidic environment and a number of enzymes that breakdown fats, proteins and carbohydrates. The vesicle fusses with the organelles membrane and regurgitates its contents leavi ng the Claritin molecules on the surface (22). The receptor and other contents are consequently degraded. This is not the only aspect of down regulation that plays a part in reducing receptor expression.Research has shown that 2-receptor Mrs. levels significantly reduce in the nucleus when levels of protein kinas A become luxurious for long durations (days to months). Clinical features Clinical features of Salomon resistance occur when patients are intolerant to the drug therapy. Recovery, after therapy, is prolonged or absent even after maximum amelioration AT receive dose. I en most gallants clinical Torture appears in the deterioration of asthma and the subsequent exacerbation of the symptoms. Drug wicked asthma presents with (23) Worsening dyspepsia. Continuous wheezing and breathlessness. Chest tightness.These patients have developed tolerance to Salomon, therefore, are resistant to the therapy. With subsequent increase in the dose therapy which is not effective, patients wit h theoretically hyper-responsiveness with or without exposure to allergens and with the resulting inflammatory changes and bronchi-constriction, asthma worsens. The most foul clinical feature can present like status asthmatics or perspicacious severe asthma. This present as episodes of severe asthma, failing to respond to usual effective doses of Salomon (24). There is progressive respiratory failure even within the by nature of therapy.This episode can progress to fatal asthma. Patients present with Significant wheezing and dyspepsia. Severe respiratory distress. Hyperventilation and subsequent respiratory leukemia. Features of metabolic acidosis due to anaerobic external respiration and elevated levels of lactate from the respiratory muscles (25). Severe asthma will occur with increasing degree of hyper-reactivity due to intolerance to drug therapy ineffective relief and damage of bronchitis tone. Clinical feature can also occur as a result of high drug dosage. Resistance cau ses a patient who is in respiratory distress to use increasing and more frequent doses of albums.High doses produce toxicities which can present with systemic features (26). In the respiratory system there can be hyperemia. Salomon is a psychosomatic agent (beta 2 agonies) the vacillators effect of beta 2 Zionists increases perfusion of poorly ventilated lung units, transiently decreasing arterial oxygen tension (27). entailment of this effect depends on initial partial pressure of oxygen of the patient. Hyperemia will present clinically as occasions, respiratory distress, and tachyons. There can be paradoxical bronchuss due to the Atonally antagonism to Transcendentalist erect AT SalomonI en spasms, AT the smooth muscles lining the bronchi, are due to psychosomatic action of Salomon and adrenaline stimulation. In the cardiovascular system, the psychosomatic action of Salomon can cause toxicity which might result in cardiac arrhythmias, arterial fibrillation, supercritical tachycar dia and extra systole (29). There can be an occurrence of coronary insufficiency due to hyperemia, atheistically and resulting tachycardia, peripheral bastardization with a compensatory small increase in heart rate, hypertension and palpitation. In the endocrine and metabolic system, there can be hypoglycemia.Salomon may stimulate sodium and potassium Tapes which causes redistribution of electrolytes (30). Hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient Salomon stimulates the beta 2 transporters which stimulate hepatic glycogen breakdown for pancreatic release of clangor which increase plasma glucose. In the central nervous system, overdose of Salomon therapy intolerance can produce CONS symptoms such as insomnia, weakness, dizziness, nervousness, tremors, transient muscle cramps and headache. Rarely reported effects include drowsiness, irritability, chest discomfort and difficulty in bid (31).Diagnosis Diagnosis of Salomon resistance follows the clinical guidelines of a full comprehensive his tory of the patient, physical exam, and investigation to confirm the patients tolerance to drugs. In taking the history certain(p) question might lead to the discovery that a patient previously on Salomon therapy is unresponsive to the drug. When doing a physical exam, clinician should check out for general expression such as respiratory distress and occasions. In doing a systemic exam, focusing on the respiratory system may bring out declination respiratory function.Clinician may find wheezing with other signs indicative of exacerbated asthma. Investigation Investigative studies are confirmatory and supportive to the diagnosis. The base lines include Full affinity count. Urea electrolyte count. Liver function tests. Random blood sugar if suspecting diabetes. I en consoler long toner tests In prospector s o mol toxicity al u TA Pulmonary function tests Serum blood gas analysis with pH profile Cardiograms to check arrhythmias Gene typing the cornerstone of Salomon resistance detec tion is gene typing. Experimental studies have shown that tolerance in asthma is in the polymorphism of he DRAB gene.Analysis show that tolerance is in the glycogen allele at position 16 and 21 at the beta receptor gene. Gene typing for polymorphism can aid in identifying patients with drug resistant asthma (32). Management Management can be categorized as supportive, specific, preventive and rehabilitative. Supportive centering include Outpatient monitoring if not severe Admission to a hospital if severe. Severe asthma necessitates immediate admission as it can be fatal. Oxygen therapy. Intubations and mechanical ventilation if severe. Use of paternal corticosteroids which are anti-inflammatory.Fluid and electrolyte resuscitation in the case of hypoglycemia. Frequent monitoring of patients to the drug. Specific management is both surgical and medical. Surgical management, research is still underway and ongoing. Medical management includes the use of a second-line therapy like mono polies, astatine and antihistamines. There is also use of cardiac-selective beta adrenaline blocking agents and corticosteroids in Salomon toxicity. Other drugs can be used depending on symptoms of resistance, for example interventions, insulin and any other depending on the symptoms of the patient.Surgical intervention for example attempting bronchial thermoplastic. This is a bronchitis procedure in which delivered thermal energy to airways it reduces airway smooth muscle hyper responsiveness. It has been also shown to be beneficial in treatment of severe asthma where continuous therapy has failed. Preventive management Includes gene typing early liberal to Isolate patients wilt Salomon resistance by checking the beta AR gene. The other way is to prevent high-drug toxicity. Rehabilitative management of any complication that might occur is essential.

Free Will in Christianity Essay

Christianity is derived from a mixture of elements of Roman religious myths, Pagan myths and god-men stories, solarise worship and Gnosticism. Christianity has no room for allay will, but for psychological or other reasons, m all Christians have believed in genuine individual free will. Every sensation is regarded as having a free choice as to in what measure he or she will follow his or her conscience or arrogance, these two having been found for each individual. The more one follows ones conscience, the more it brings one goodish results, and the more one follows ones arrogance, the more it brings one baffling results.In Christianity divinity is described as not only omniscient but also omnipotent which implies that not only has idol always know what choices individuals will concord tomorrow, but has actually determined those choices. That is, they believe, by virtue of his foreknowledge, he knows what will influence individual choices, and by virtue of his omnipotence, he controls those factors. God still gives individuals the power to ultimately choose or reject everything, regardless of any internal or external conditions relating to the choice.For example, when Jesus was nailed on the cross, the two criminals, one on each side, were about to die. Only one asked Jesus for forgiveness while the other, even at the end of his life with nothing else to lose, mocked Jesus. This was a free and personal choice between everlasting death and everlasting life. Since God is omniscient, God has foreknowledge, meaning he knows what everyone will do in the future and what any individual would do in any given situation. This foreknowledge enables God to have a plan for everyones life.For instance, if God wants a particular bodily function to occur, he knows who would choose to do that action, and under what circumstances they would choose it thus he is able to plan for it to happen. However, Gods knowing what choices we will make is simply knowledge it does not remove our free will, for we are still the ones making the choices. The Bible also says and teaches that there is no free will and that Gods plan overrides our free will, those that do good do the specific good that God predestined them to do, and Satan rules all others because God sends powerful delusions to them.As quoted in Ephesians 14-6 Praise be to God, who has blessed us in the heavenly realms with every spiritual blessing in Christ. For he chose us in him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in his sight. In love he predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, in treaty with his pleasure and will to the praise of his glorious grace, which he has freely given us in the One he loves. Catholic Christianitys emphasis on free will and grace is often contrasted with predestination in reformed protestant Christianity, especially after the Counter-Reformation.However, in understanding differing conceptions of free will it is just as important to understand the differing conceptions of the nature of God, focusing on the idea that God can be all-powerful and all knowing even while people continue to exercise free will, because God does not exist in time. It is further understood that in order for Man to have true free choice, he must not only have inner free will, but also an environs in which a choice between obedience and disobedience exists.God thus created the world such that both good and evil can croak freely. Comprehensively the Christian Bible denies free will and any element of choice in what good works we do. God has picked who will do what good deeds, and God punishes and rewards people on account of what God has chosen, in accordance with Gods plan and purpose. According to The Bible, God definitely does not manage being quizzed on this matter of Free will Paul is honest about Gods lack of justice.Paul states multiple times, in accordance with the rest of the scripture we see on this page, that free will a nd personal choices are not the important factor in salvation Paul past goes further in Romans 9 and admits that God is arbitrary, and its simply tough that people were created for common use as slaves of Satan, and that only some are created for master purposes.ReferenceRoberts, Jenny, 1997. Bible Facts. Grange Books, London.

Reality Tv Shows

What reality TV Tells Us ab erupt Ameri tolerate Culture candor TV (RTV) and shred journalism stick often been comp ard to severally new(prenominal). (Hill 80) Are both bringing out the worst in American socialisation or and they merely an example of what American culture is all about, dimension a mirror up to the audition? Western culture in general and American culture in quiticular has al right smarts been fascinated by two things in regards to what fascinates and intrigues their interests and holds their attention, love and war. It is no different when it comes to reality TV.These polar opposites be almost forever found together in life, as wellspring up as in reality TV. In Robin L. Nabis research presented in the journal article, Determining Dimensions of Reality A Concept Mapping of the Reality TV Landscape, he draws the following conclusions from the information gathered, The MDS Minimum Data Set results from both sets of data suggest that the two characterist ics most salient to earreachs when thinking about reality-based programming be ro art objectce and competition. (371) These can come downstairs m any names sex and violence, drama and exertion, and so on.But first we need a definition of reality TV in order to limit the range of a function of this analysis. Dr. Nabi and associates found that the authorities in Television production companies have non set a particular definition in regards to what is and what is not reality TV. Dr. Nabi offers us the following parameters on that point are several key elements that characterize such programs (a) people portraying themselves, (b) filmed at least in part in their living or working environment rather than on a set, (c) without a script, (d) with even offts placed in a narrative context, (e) for the basal purpose of viewer entertainment.In essence, reality programs are marked by ordinary people engaged in unscripted action and interaction. (Nabi 371) While this guideline sure ly makes a good rule of thumb, champion other thing must be remembered when dealing with the genre. Unlike real life, reality TV is heavily em shuttinged by its producers to synthesize and often even contrive and misconstrue events to make them look more business officeful than they were in real life. Most frequently the judgment of conviction frame is condensed from a week of production into twenty or so minutes of RTV.This condensation eliminates rough of the nuances of real life, but often makes it more exciting. Also, change after the fact has certain advantages as evinced by this analysis of the popular RTV show, Cops The narrator provides viewers with information about the suspects that may not be cognise by the officer at the succession of the chase, stop, or initial interview. The audience may be told at the beginning of the anecdote that the driver of a fleeing auto has an outstanding warrant or is intoxicated. The engage officers may only know this information af ter the suspect is apprehended.Nonethe little, according to the programs, the officer is clearly making the distract choice by following his or her hunch. Viewers are provided the illusion that they are watching real events unfold but with knowledge based on hindsight (a product of editing), which the officers do not have. (Prosise & Johnson 73) This poses to the audience that the arresting officers are clear in their duty and response, but in the reality of the scene, they may have not had such clear cut motives in stopping the suspect.One of the most prevalent problems associated with this type of programming and across the nations police force, is the dilemma of racial profiling that can be exacerbated by such justifications. (Prosise & Johnson) There is also a paradoxical twist to the predilection of Americans watching RTV. We, as well as many other technically proficient nations, are a culture that is inundated with intelligence information, twenty four hours a day seven days a week. There is intelligence activity even when there is no news to tell. Broadcasters begin to focus on the mundane events of people with the ugliest dogs in the worldly concern, or rehash old news events for weeks or months at a time.However, Americans in droves are focusing on RTV as a seeming balm to this over information. (Javors 35 Papacharissi & Mendelson 358) Perhaps the one discrimination that RTV has when equated to reality news is that there is al delegacys a resolution that seems understandable. This is often not the case in real life. approximatelytimes missing millionaires lost in flight over the desert are never found, a young girl missing, presumed dead, in Aruba whose body is never located, all this leaves us wanting closure, mayhap RTV gives us that closure.The knowledge that at the end of the series there is always gong to be a winner is a very safe way to be satisfied. The Cops always get their man or woman as the case may be. On an individual basis, what is RTV telling us about us? Papacharissi & Mendelson in their article, An Exploratory Study of Reality Appeal Uses and Gratifications of Reality TV Shows, feel that, The premise of reality TV requires that individuals place themselves on public display, and so forfeiting all claims to personal privacy for the stake of transient fame and the possibility of monetary compensation. (355) So for the possibility of Warhols fifteen minutes of fame and the glory of the prize, a fashion model contract, a million dollars, or the ne plus ultra of millions, we are willing to embarrass and expose ourselves to ridicule, if the price is right. This harkens back to early TV and game shows as well as the popular series ingenuous Camera. Although the reality at the end of Candid Camera was the surprise that you were actually being filmed. There was no payoff other than being on TV and most participants were willing to sign their names on the release forms. This brings us back to our original as sociate with RTV and tabloid journalismA core suffer of popular factual television is that it presents information in an entertaining manner. The origins of reality programming point towards a obstruct association with tabloid news Although the tabloid news connection is often used as evidence of the dumbing down of factual television, the connection can also be used as evidence of the way reality TV attempts to present information to audiences who want to be entertained and informed at the same time. (Hill 80) In Annette Hills book, Reality TV Audiences and Popular Factual Television, she presents RTV as factual context in an entertainment venue.A fan of RTV, Ms. Hill fells that it is often the order of cultural profiling in associating it with the less savory aspects of reportage and the lowest common denominator (LCD) of tabloid journalism. Many would argue with her conclusion as she goes on to compare watchers of RTV with fans of horror or violent action movies. To say that fans of violent movies will exhibit violent behavior, she contends, is a gross generalization. The same gross generalization that RTV has fall prey to is to assume those watchers are apparently voyeurs with no real life of their own. (Hill 83)However, psychologist and therapist are viewing RTV with a skeptical eye. They feel that there is an perceive school principal in the American culture that is using RTV as a cure, much in the way the Marx referred to religion as being the opiate of the people, or as one writer updates it Is reality TV the crack cocaine of what critic Marie Winn calls the plug-in drug? My answer is yes, when addicts distorted views of reality make it impossible for them to function in the world outside the tube. Why worthy the neighbors when we have the Osbournes? Why take that trip out West? Survivor is on at 900. Breyer 100) Some therapists further see this as the desensitising of American culture. RTV coupled with the massive bombardment of news, mostly bad, from around the nation and the world is numbing us to any emotional ties to reality. Dr. Irene Javors compares RTV shows to the quick fix toss away food restaurants and calls them fast food programs and states they are as bad for our minds as a constant diet of double Whoppers with cheese and Chocolate Milk shakes would be to our bodies. She states that, As a result, we are numbing ourselves to very real life challenges. (35) This makes us more and more unavailing to respond to life in any real or meaningful way and as technology reduces many interactions to words on a screen, this is not so unbelievable. In a world of justification RTV is not without them. Many proponents argue that RTV shows like American Idol, Americas Next Top Model, etc, have about them the lure of the lottery. If the person I am watching become Donald Trumps new apprentice can do that, maybe I can become manager of the Burger big businessman I am working for. A dollar and a dream is the mentality of the masses faced with this existential angst. (Hill 83 Javors 35) We are not only when in this.In China, often accused of attempting to mimic Western culture, the producers of an RTV show Ying Zai Zhongguo, or translated somehow as Win in English draw a uniform conclusion their hope that the program would encourage more people in China to start their own businesses. stress Wenming hoped the show would introduce the positive power of entrepreneurship. Ms. Zhou said she hoped potential entrepreneurs would learn the importance of both perseverance and passion. There was much more in the same vein. (Fallows) Perhaps there is some altruism at the end of the tunnel when considering the cultural benefit of RTV.But the preponderance of the evidence seems to suggest that there is something deep missing in the American psyche that needs to be healed. Is RTV the cure or part of the problem? This is the conundrum that researchers face. Although nothing new, since The Iliad and the Odyssey and before, circled around campfires and telling stories humans beings have had some desire for adventure, love, and battles. It is part of our nature, perhaps being suppressed, that RTV touches upon. Is it exploitation or vicarious therapy? This still remains the question.Reality Tv ShowsWhat Reality TV Tells Us about American Culture Reality TV (RTV) and tabloid journalism have often been compared to each other. (Hill 80) Are both bringing out the worst in American culture or and they merely an example of what American culture is all about, holding a mirror up to the audience? Western culture in general and American culture in particular has always been fascinated by two things in regards to what fascinates and intrigues their interests and holds their attention, love and war. It is no different when it comes to reality TV.These polar opposites are almost always found together in life, as well as in reality TV. In Robin L. Nabis research presented in the journal article, Determin ing Dimensions of Reality A Concept Mapping of the Reality TV Landscape, he draws the following conclusions from the data gathered, The MDS Minimum Data Set results from both sets of data suggest that the two characteristics most salient to audiences when thinking about reality-based programming are romance and competition. (371) These can come under many names sex and violence, drama and action, and so on.But first we need a definition of reality TV in order to limit the scope of this analysis. Dr. Nabi and associates found that the authorities in Television production companies have not set a particular definition in regards to what is and what is not reality TV. Dr. Nabi offers us the following parameters There are several key elements that characterize such programs (a) people portraying themselves, (b) filmed at least in part in their living or working environment rather than on a set, (c) without a script, (d) with events placed in a narrative context, (e) for the primary pur pose of viewer entertainment.In essence, reality programs are marked by ordinary people engaged in unscripted action and interaction. (Nabi 371) While this guideline certainly makes a good rule of thumb, one other thing must be remembered when dealing with the genre. Unlike real life, reality TV is heavily edited by its producers to synthesize and often even contrive and misconstrue events to make them look more powerful than they were in real life. Most frequently the time frame is condensed from a week of production into twenty or so minutes of RTV.This condensation eliminates some of the nuances of real life, but often makes it more exciting. Also, editing after the fact has certain advantages as evinced by this analysis of the popular RTV show, Cops The narrator provides viewers with information about the suspects that may not be known by the officer at the time of the chase, stop, or initial interview. The audience may be told at the beginning of the anecdote that the driver of a fleeing car has an outstanding warrant or is intoxicated. The pursuing officers may only know this information after the suspect is apprehended.Nonetheless, according to the programs, the officer is clearly making the appropriate choice by following his or her hunch. Viewers are provided the illusion that they are watching real events unfold but with knowledge based on hindsight (a product of editing), which the officers do not have. (Prosise & Johnson 73) This poses to the audience that the arresting officers are clear in their duty and response, but in the reality of the scene, they may have not had such clear cut motives in stopping the suspect.One of the most prevalent problems associated with this type of programming and across the nations police force, is the dilemma of racial profiling that can be exacerbated by such justifications. (Prosise & Johnson) There is also a paradoxical twist to the predilection of Americans watching RTV. We, as well as many other technically pro ficient nations, are a culture that is inundated with news, twenty four hours a day seven days a week. There is news even when there is no news to tell. Broadcasters begin to focus on the mundane events of people with the ugliest dogs in the world, or rehash old news events for weeks or months at a time.However, Americans in droves are focusing on RTV as a seeming balm to this over information. (Javors 35 Papacharissi & Mendelson 358) Perhaps the one difference that RTV has when compared to reality news is that there is always a resolution that seems understandable. This is often not the case in real life. Sometimes missing millionaires lost in flight over the desert are never found, a young girl missing, presumed dead, in Aruba whose body is never located, all this leaves us wanting closure, perhaps RTV gives us that closure.The knowledge that at the end of the series there is always gong to be a winner is a very safe way to be satisfied. The Cops always get their man or woman as t he case may be. On an individual basis, what is RTV telling us about us? Papacharissi & Mendelson in their article, An Exploratory Study of Reality Appeal Uses and Gratifications of Reality TV Shows, feel that, The premise of reality TV requires that individuals place themselves on public display, thus forfeiting all claims to personal privacy for the sake of transient fame and the possibility of monetary compensation. (355) So for the possibility of Warhols fifteen minutes of fame and the glory of the prize, a modeling contract, a million dollars, or the idol of millions, we are willing to embarrass and expose ourselves to ridicule, if the price is right. This harkens back to early TV and game shows as well as the popular series Candid Camera. Although the reality at the end of Candid Camera was the surprise that you were actually being filmed. There was no payoff other than being on TV and most participants were willing to sign their names on the release forms. This brings us back to our original associate with RTV and tabloid journalismA core feature of popular factual television is that it presents information in an entertaining manner. The origins of reality programming point towards a close association with tabloid news Although the tabloid news connection is often used as evidence of the dumbing down of factual television, the connection can also be used as evidence of the way reality TV attempts to present information to audiences who want to be entertained and informed at the same time. (Hill 80) In Annette Hills book, Reality TV Audiences and Popular Factual Television, she presents RTV as factual context in an entertainment venue.A fan of RTV, Ms. Hill fells that it is often the target of cultural profiling in associating it with the less savory aspects of reportage and the lowest common denominator (LCD) of tabloid journalism. Many would argue with her conclusion as she goes on to compare watchers of RTV with fans of horror or violent action movies . To say that fans of violent movies will exhibit violent behavior, she contends, is a gross generalization. The same gross generalization that RTV has fallen prey to is to assume those watchers are simply voyeurs with no real life of their own. (Hill 83)However, psychologist and therapist are viewing RTV with a skeptical eye. They feel that there is an aching psyche in the American culture that is using RTV as a cure, much in the way the Marx referred to religion as being the opiate of the people, or as one writer updates it Is reality TV the crack cocaine of what critic Marie Winn calls the plug-in drug? My answer is yes, when addicts distorted views of reality make it impossible for them to function in the world outside the tube. Why meet the neighbors when we have the Osbournes? Why take that trip out West? Survivor is on at 900. Breyer 100) Some therapists further see this as the desensitizing of American culture. RTV coupled with the massive bombardment of news, mostly bad, f rom around the nation and the world is numbing us to any emotional ties to reality. Dr. Irene Javors compares RTV shows to the quick fix junk food restaurants and calls them fast food programs and states they are as bad for our minds as a constant diet of Double Whoppers with cheese and Chocolate Milk shakes would be to our bodies. She states that, As a result, we are numbing ourselves to very real life challenges. (35) This makes us more and more unable to respond to life in any real or meaningful way and as technology reduces many interactions to words on a screen, this is not so unbelievable. In a world of justification RTV is not without them. Many proponents argue that RTV shows like American Idol, Americas Next Top Model, etc, have about them the lure of the lottery. If the person I am watching become Donald Trumps new apprentice can do that, maybe I can become manager of the Burger King I am working for. A dollar and a dream is the mentality of the masses faced with this exis tential angst. (Hill 83 Javors 35) We are not alone in this.In China, often accused of attempting to mimic Western culture, the producers of an RTV show Ying Zai Zhongguo, or translated somehow as Win in English draw a similar conclusion their hope that the program would encourage more people in China to start their own businesses. Song Wenming hoped the show would introduce the positive power of entrepreneurship. Ms. Zhou said she hoped potential entrepreneurs would learn the importance of both perseverance and passion. There was much more in the same vein. (Fallows) Perhaps there is some altruism at the end of the tunnel when considering the cultural benefit of RTV.But the preponderance of the evidence seems to suggest that there is something deeply missing in the American psyche that needs to be healed. Is RTV the cure or part of the problem? This is the conundrum that researchers face. Although nothing new, since The Iliad and the Odyssey and before, circled around campfires and telling stories human beings have had some desire for adventure, love, and battles. It is part of our nature, perhaps being suppressed, that RTV touches upon. Is it exploitation or vicarious therapy? This still remains the question.

Technology Has Changed the Live of Teen Agers

DOI 10. 1111/j. 1464-5491. 2006. 01868. x Glycaemic ensure Review Article 23 0742-3071Publishing, intoxicant Diabetic Medicine and2006 consumption D. Ismail et al. DME UK Oxford, article Blackwell Publishing Ltd Social consumption of alcohol in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased glucose lability, but not hypoglycemia D. Ismail, R. Gebert, P. J. Vuillermin, L. Fraser*, C. M. McDonnell, S. M. Donath and F. J. Cameron Abstract subdivision of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, *Wimmera Base Hospital*, Horsham and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Accepted 10 June 2005 Aims To determine the personal effects of social consumption of alcohol by diabetic adolescents on glycaemic direct. Methods Fourteen (five male) patients aged 16 years were recruited from the diabetes clinic at the Royal Childrens Hospital. The unceasing glucose observe system (CGMS) was attached at a weekend when alcohol consumption was planned for one night nevertheless.For each patient, the 12-h fulfilment from 18. 00 h to 06. 00 h for the night with alcohol consumption ( assume period) was comp ared with the same period with non-alcohol consumption ( entertain period) either 24 h in front or after the alcohol reading night. Thus, each subject was his /her own control. Glycaemic outcomes measured from continuous glucose monitoring included mean blood glucose (MBG), function of time spent at low glucose levels (CGMS 4. 0 mmol/l), normal glucose levels (CGMS 4. 010. 0 mmol/ l) and high glucose levels ( 10. mmol/ l) and continuous boilers suit net glycaemic follow up (CONGA). Results The mean number of exemplar alcohol plights consumed during the study period was 9. 0 for males and 6. 3 for females. There was no difference in percentage of time at high and normal glucose levels in the study and control periods. During the control period, there was a higher percentage of time with low glucose levels compared with the study period (P 0. 05). There was an increased level of glycaemic chromosomal mutation during the study time when compared with the control period.Conclusions In an uncontrolled, social context, moderately heavy alcohol consumption by adolescents with Type 1 diabetes appears to be associated with increased glycaemic variation, but not with low glucose levels. Diabet. Med. 23, 830833 (2006) Keywords adolescence, alcohol, glycaemic control Abbreviations CGMS, continuous glucose monitoring system CONGA, continuous overall net glycaemic action MBG, mean blood glucose RCH, Royal Childrens Hospital Introduction Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes frequently engage in risk-taking activities 1.Amongst these activities is the social Correspondence to Dr Fergus Cameron, Deputy Director, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Childrens Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. E-mail fergus. emailprotected org. au consumption of alcohol, frequently as underage drinkers 2. Whilst the effects of alcohol consumption upon glycaemia impart been well exposit in a controlled setting 3 6, little is known about the impact on glucose levels of alcohol consumption by adolescents within an ambulant, social context.The purpose of this confound was to utilize continuous glucose monitoring to study the impact of social alcohol consumption on glycaemic control in a group of alcohol-using adolescents. 2006 The Authors. 830 Journal digest 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830833 Review article 831 Patients and methods This study was approved by the Human Ethics Research Committee of the Royal Childrens Hospital (RCH). That approval was point upon the fact that the investigators should not be seen to encourage underage drinking in adolescents.Consequently, we only approached adolescents who we knew were drinking socially and, despite our previous counselling, elected to continue to drink alcohol on a semi-regular basis. We recruited 22 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes from the RCH diabetes clinic. The adolescents were considered eligible only if 16 years old and parental/patient consent was obtained. HbA 1c (Bayer DCA 2000 immunoagglutination method, Calabria, Barcelona, Spain) was measured, and diabetes epoch and insulin doses were reputationed. The MiniMed continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was attached to the study patients over a weekend period.Patients were required to have an alcohol-free period for at least 24 continuous hours during the weekend trace period. A diary was kept of activities during the trace period (insulin injections, meal, snacks, dancing, alcohol consumption, sport). There was no change in insulin doses amid study and control periods. In the even out when alcohol was consumed, patients were asked to recall how many and what type of drinks were consumed and how inebriated they became. Patients recall of alcohol consumption was converted t o standard drinks (one standard drink contains the eq of 12. ml 100% alcohol) using The Australian Alcohol Guidelines 7. CGMS data was recorded between 18. 00 and 06. 00 h on the evening when alcohol was consumed (the study period) and between 18. 00 and 06. 00 h on the evening when no alcohol was consumed (the control period). CGMS data were only analysed if there had been regular calibrations with intermittent capillary blood glucose readings at a upper limit of 8-h intervals. Each CGMS trace was qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using mean glucose values, per cent time in glycaemic ranges and ontinuous overlapping net glycaemic action (CONGA) 8. CONGA values were calculated to assess glycaemic variation over 1-, 2- and 4-h intervals. Low glucose values were defined as CGMS values 4 mmol/ l, normal glucose values when CGMS values were 4 10 mmo/ l and high glucose values when CGMS values were 10 mmol/ l. Each patient acted as their own control with study periods and cont rol periods being compared. Inter-individual values were grouped for comparison. Differences between study and control periods were analysed using paired t-tests. Analyses were done in Stata 9. ales and nine females. The mean age was 18. 5 years (range 17. 4 19. 5). The mean duration of diabetes was 9. 4 years (range 3 16. 3). Six of our subjects took four insulin injections per day and eight took two injections daily. The mean insulin dose was 1. 1 units /kg/day (range 0. 7 1. 8), and the mean HbA1c was 9. 6% (range 8. 2 10. 8). Activities during the study period Thirteen subjects had dinner originally drinking and only one subject did not consume any food before going out. Three subjects danced a lot and six subjects went dancing but did not dance a lot.Ten subjects had something to eat after drinking. Alcohol consumption during the study period The mean number of alcohol drinks consumed on the study night was 9. 0 (range 316) for males and 6. 3 (range 314) for females. All th e females consumed pre-mixed sweetened alcohol drinks (5% alcohol), with only one consuming beer and one consuming wine. Four of the males consumed mixed spirits, one mixed spirits and beer and one beer only. Forty per cent of the males had more than seven standard drinks during the study and 67% of the females had more than five drinks.In total, 80% of the subjects had pre-mixed sweetened alcohol drinks at some point during the study period. Forty-three per cent of the subjects reported that they became inebriated and 14. 3% consumed alcohol to the point where they became physically sick. None of the subjects lost consciousness or took recreational drugs during the study period. Comparative CGMS data between study and control periods Results Patients There was no large difference between the overall mean glucose levels of patients when comparing study and control periods (T fitting 1 P = 0. 43).Similarly, there were no significant differences in the amount of time spent with eithe r normal or high glucose values between study and control periods (Table 1). A larger likeness of time was spent with low glucose values during the control period when compared with the study period (1. 9 vs. 16. 8%, P = 0. 03). A significantly larger period of glycaemic variation was seen in the CONGA values in the study period when compared with the control period (Table 1). The difference in CONGA values were consistent and case-by-case of whether glycaemic variation was assessed over 1-, 2- or 4-h intervals.Of the 22 subjects recruited, eight were excluded because their CGMS traces did not have sufficiently frequent calibration points with intermittent capillary measures of blood glucose. Of the 14 subjects remaining, we were able to obtain study period data on 14 patients and matched control period data on only 12 patients. The study period occurred on the night prior to the control period in nine subjects. There were five Discussion It has long been recognized that a prohib itionist approach is commonly ineffective when counselling adolescents who engage in risk-taking behaviours 10.Many centres today, ourselves included, have instead adopted a combat injury minimization approach in dealing with such behaviours. An chief(prenominal) component 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830833 832 Glycaemic control and alcohol consumption D. Ismail et al. Outcome measure Mean difference between Study period take for period study period and mean value mean value control period (95%CI) P-value 10. 6 16. 8 58. 6 24. 6 2. 1 3. 2 3. 7 1. 2 (? 2. 1, 4. 4) ? 14. 9 (? 28. 1, ? 1. 8) ? 0. 8 (? 27. 3, 25. 8) 15. 7 (? 4. 5, 35. 8) 0. 6 (0. 2, 1. 0) 1. 1 (0. , 1. 9) 1. 8 (0. 4, 3. 1) 0. 43 0. 03 0. 95 0. 12 0. 006 0. 01 0. 01 Table 1 CGMS outcomes, study and control periods Blood glucose levels (mmol/l) 11. 8 Per cent time low glucose 1. 9 Per cent time high glucose 57. 8 Per cent time normal glucose 40. 3 CONGA1* 2. 7 CONG A2* 4. 3 CONGA4* 5. 5 *CONGA calculated at 1-, 2- and 4-h intervals. CONGAn is the standard deviation of different glucose measures n hours apart for the duration of the CGMS trace. of counselling using a harm minimization approach is that the information provided be credible and reflective of real or lived circumstances.Continuous glucose monitoring provides a technique whereby the glycaemic consequences of various behaviours can be document in an ambulant or non-artificial setting. Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes frequently consume alcohol in a social context 11. Alcohol is known to chasten the gluconeogenic pathway, to inhibit lipolysis, impair glucose counter-regulation and blunt hypoglycaemia awareness 3,4. Previous studies in young adults with Type 1 diabetes have shown that moderate consumption of alcohol in the evenings without concomitant food intake may cause hypoglycaemia the following dawn 5.Consumption of alcohol after a meal, however, has shown no similar adverse ef fects on glucose 6. It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that alcohol consumption may be a significant risk factor for hypoglycaemia in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes 5. Studies of the glycaemic effects of alcohol consumption in an ambulant adolescent/young adult population can be difficult. This is because such behaviours are uncontrolled, often spontaneous and commonly in the context of other social activities (parties, dancing, etc. ).In order to ensure that we only reported accurate CGMS data during these activities, capillary blood glucose calibration was considered brisk and those patients who failed in this regard were excluded from analysis. Just over 60% of the patients recruited were able to successfully wear and calibrate a CGMS unit during these activities. Given that patients who experience hypoglycemic symptoms are more likely to perform capillary self measures of blood glucose, we feel that it is unlikely that those patients excluded from the analysis had a grea ter frequency of hypoglycaemia than those patients reported.We were unable to record our subjects alcohol consumption in a contemporaneous fashion and hence were reliant upon their recall. It is possible that their remembered patterns of consumption were not entirely accurate. This potential inaccuracy should not be seen as a weakness of this study, as we only set out to determine patterns of glycaemia in adolescents engaging in spontaneous and uncontrolled alcohol consumption. We neither specified the type nor the amount of alcohol to be consumed (our ethical approval was contingent on this not occurring).The data as to amount of alcohol consumed have been included for descriptive purposes only. The results of this study show that alcohol consumption by adolescents in a social context is associated with a greater degree of glycaemic variation and less time spent with low glucose values than evenings where no alcohol is consumed. Whilst the second of these findings appears counter-i ntuitive, there may be several possible explanations. Firstly, the vast majority of our study group ate a meal prior to going out and ate upon their return before going to bed.These are practices that we have instilled as harm minimization strategies to avoid alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia in our clinic. Secondly, most of the alcohol consumed was as pre-mixed spirit and sweetened, carbonated beverages. Finally, alcohol consumption was only associated with vigorous performance (dancing) in a minority of our study group. All of these factors could have combined to negate the hypoglycaemic effects of alcohol. In a previous study of glycaemia during alcohol consumption in adult men 5, hypoglycaemia occurred most often 1012 h after wine consumption when the evening before ended at 23. 0 h. We analysed our data to see if a similar phenomenon occurred in this study and found that the per cent of time spent with CGMS readings 4 mmol/l between 06. 00 and 12. 00 h on the morning after the s tudy period (i. e. the morning after the drinking night) was only 1. 1%. Notwithstanding the fact that our age bracket frequently consumed alcohol later than 23. 00 h, the factors that impacted upon glycaemic control during the study night appear to have carried over to the morning after. The findings in this study spotlight the importance of ambulant testing.It is important to note that the findings of the group studied here may not be seen in adolescents who drink non-sweetened alcoholic drinks or in those adolescents with better underlying metabolic control. Whilst alcohol consumption in isolation may reasonably be thought to cause hypoglycaemia, alcohol consumption by adolescents in the context of meals, sweetened mixers and little activity did not result in more hypoglycaemia than an alcohol-free evening. Whether the increase in glycaemic variation seen on an evening 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation 2006 Diabetes UK.Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830833 Review article 833 of al cohol consumption has negative clinical outcomes remains an area for further investigation. Competing interests CMM was a Novo Nordisk research fellow. FJC received fees for harangue at conferences and funds for research from Novo Nordisk. References 1 Cameron F, Werther G. Adolescents with diabetes mellitus. In Menon, RK, Sperling, MA, eds. Pediatric Diabetes. Boston Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003 319335. 2 Frey MA, Guthrie B, Lovelandcherry C, Park PS, Foster CM. Risky behaviours and risk in adolescents with IDDM.J Adol wellness 1997 20 3845. 3 Avogaro A, Beltramello P, Gnudi L, Maran A, Valerio A, Miola M et al. Alcohol intake impairs glucose counterregulation during acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in IDDM patients. Diabetes 1993 42 16261634. 4 Kerr D, Macdonald IA, Heller SR, Tattersal RB. Alcohol causes hypoglycaemic unawareness in healthy volunteers and patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 1990 33 216221. 5 Turner BC, Jenkins E, Kerr D, Sherwin RS, Cavan DA. The effect of evening alcohol consumption on next morning glucose control in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes Care 2001 24 18881893. 6 Koivisto VA, Tulokas S, Toivonen M, Haapa E, Pelkonen R. Alcohol with a meal has no adverse effects on postprandial glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1993 16 16121614. 7 National Health and Medical Research Council. Australian Alcohol Guidelines Health Risks and Benefits. DS9. Available from http//www7. health. gov. au/nhmrc/publications/synopses/ds9syn. htm. 8 McDonnell CM, Donath SM, Vidmar SI, Werther GA, Cameron FJ. A novel approach to continuous glucose analysis utilising glycaemic variation.Diab Tech Therap 2005 7 253263. 9 StataCorp. Stata statistical software. Release 8. 0. College Station, TX Stata Corporation, 2003. 10 Kyngas H, Hentinen M, Barlow JH. Adolescents perceptions of physicians, nurses, parents and friends help or hindrance in compliance with diabetes self-care? J Adv Nurs 1998 27 760769. 11 Patterson JM, Garwick AW. Co ping with chronic illness. In Werther, GA, Court, JM, eds. Diabetes and the Adolescent. Melbourne Miranova Publishers 1998, 334. 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830833

Provide support to manage pain and discomfort Essay

Agreed ways argon a set of rules, regulations, policies and procedures set out by the company which are kept in the place and are always available to be accessed. Care plans, policies and procedures always have to be followed and necessary precautions have to be taken. Before using any winsome of methods to manage pain, the resident/service user needs to be assessed has every kind of pain relief can be potentially harmful. Care plans are made individually for a specific person. Care plans are made to bring comfort and support Its important to be aware of communication, both verbal and non-verbal. Its important to always communicate slowly and clearly so that the resident can understand you. Always try to empathize with your resident, (empathize to probe from their point. I would ask on a scale of 1 to 10, 10 being the highest, and 1 being the lowest, how the pain feels, by communicating you can convey out their pain level then inform the Nurse who will then check to see if medica tion can be administered.Read to a greater extent Essay on Provide Support to Manage Pain and DiscomfortIf a resident cannot communicate verbally I would monitor their body language, i.e. impertinence expressions, i.e. holding their hand, leg or limbs, this could be their way of expressing pain or by checking their turn charts, they might of been in the same position for a bulky time, i.e. on the left side for some time so by repositioning the resident your relieving them from discomfort and pain. I may be quiet vexed to express and communicate their pain i.e. said once but unclearly, you ask them to repeat themselves, they become angry and shout. Try to listen closely and clearly, it can be very difficult to concentrate energy to communicate, so any communication should be given 100% of your attention. All residents have different ways of communicating and different ways of understanding. All residents have different pain and discomfort levels.Its important that we understand th ey are not being difficult orawkward, just every resident has different types and ways of comfort and relief. Remember pain medication can cause anger and frustration verbally be aggressive cause confusion lack of concentration not able to make clear choices or decisions pain medication could also have an core group on their behaviour make them sleepy Always consider and respect a residents culture and religion. Its very important to remember person centred care = care is designed around the individual not individual around the care. Remember the purpose is to bring pain free, comfort, dignity and tranquility to your resident.

Reponses to Attachment. Two different positions Essay

My chosen takings involves the social function of victuals stamps for debauched nutrient which raises the primary(prenominal) question, should you be able to go for victuals stamps for straightaway forage. Food stamps simply refers to an assistance feed curriculum by the federal government in the United States to offer intellectual nourishment to the low income earners and those who do not have any income whereby they atomic number 18 issued with coupons or paper and currently cards are used. The food stamps are issued for forfeit by the government to allow poor people and low income earners to access food regardless of the nutritional value from any outlets such as supermarkets which accepts the cards or the stamps.The government issues the food stamps free of charge to all people and families who are in need. I came across this topic on food stamps on the internet, when I was conducting a research on the use of adverts on refrain foods by variant companies. Being a n individual who values charity and helping others and considering my interest in fast food art, it got me query what would happen if food stamps could be allowed for fast foods. This generated my interest in this topic and how it leave affect fast food business. I hope to gain more understanding on the impacts of the food stamps on fast food business and to ascertain whether it could be allowed for fast food.Provide a brief summary of the topic. beg off the current issues surrounding the topic and share at least two different positions on the topic The main aim of the government in providing food stamps to families and people who are poor, elderly and still disable and those who are homeless was to enable them to have something to eat. However, there are certain issue which surrounds the issue of food stamps whereby it is thought to be a contributing factor towards some disorders such as obesity. According to Aldhous (2013), the food stamps could be the option which can be applied in the fight against obesity epidemic which has rifle rampant in the United States. The author of the article says that obesity can be controlled with the food stamps which could be issued for the purchase of nutritious foods. The author observes that restriction on the choice of foods people could access through the food stamps lead be of great help ion handling the obesity situation in the US (Aldhous, 2013). This indicates the authors support for the food stamps program which could generate health improvement among the beneficiaries of the food stamps. It is the proposition of the author that the use of food stamps could be the way towards a healthier nation in the attack future (Aldhous, 2013).However, in another article by Whitmore (2013) the restrictions which are to placed on the use of food stamps with regard to sugary foods may not work. The author of the article observes that putting ban or restrictions on the use of food stamps in the purchase of sugary food s may have negative impacts which will even leave in the ineffectiveness of the food stamps (Whitmore, 2013). Whitmore explains that the bans or restrictions on the use food stamps will result in extra expenses for the government in terms of administration costs (Whitmore, 2013). Furthermore, the author observes that placing restrictions on the use of food stamps on sugary foods would cause stigma on the people who are supposed to win from the program.What specific issue will you write about within the larger topic, and what unique angle will you provide? The specific issue that I will write about is the impacts of food stamps on fast food business and health of consumers. This is based on the observation that fast food businesses have snuff it quite popular and therefore, it would be wonderful to know how the food stamps can impact on the business as well as health matters.Define your audience. Who are they, and what are their needs, motivations, and influences? In what ways will you need to structure your writing to appeal to them? It is important to know the kind of audience who will put one across use of the information provided here. In this case, the targeted audience will include fast food business investors and alike the customers who have been issued with the food stamps. The investor have the need to know how the business will be affected if the food stamps are allowed for fast foods. The motivation for this audience is the positive benefits they will receive in terms of tax income and the customer base. Furthermore, the investors are influenced by the consumer behaviour that is displayed when purchasing products.To appeal to the audience which is comprised of investors may be a challenge but in this case, this work will be structured in form of an disputative essay. This will is due to the reason that it will easier to weigh and outline all the available options with supporting show up which can influence the decisions of the investors . The structure of an argumentative essay will create a chance for the investors to sort out more with the writing depending on which side of the argument they feel outweighs the other.ReferencesAldhous, P. (2013). Food stamps could help US whittle obesity epidemic. New Scientist, 219(2928), 10.Whitmore, D. (2013). Proposals to ban purchase of sugary drink with food stamps wont work. indoors Tucson Business, 22(43), 22.Source document

Cell Phone Usage While Driving

cubicle Ph atomic number 53 Usage While Driving The jail cellular auditory sensation has brought m whatsoever services and m either different ways of communicating. It has definitely made communication so frequently easier. However, when it comes to track safety, the cellular c any back may be considered a try especially when textbook messages and calls ar received. On January 11, 2009 I got in a serious accident because of utilize the cellular strait epoch I was tearaway(a). I was whimsical to my friends house and I just received a text message.I was driving 45 mph in 35 mph zone and texting the same time. As soon as I looked up I passed a stop sign and collided to the railway car that was in front of me. My car was damaged and my insurance went up. Ever since the introduction of text messages, society has grown mindful of the grave of texting piece of music driving. Even though all volume understand how it affects their life and the some other sights life, they mum use their cellular forebode.I was reading the Gazette newspaper the other twenty-four hour period and fit in to the national highway traffic administration, 16% of all fatal crashes in 2008 were caused by driver distraction. mavin of the most obvious things that happen when a driver is texting while driving is that the driver would avert his eyeball form the road for around five seconds. This is much than enough time for a mortal to dominate in front of the vehicle or for the vehicle in front of you to kick in a abrupt stop or to miss seeing the light agitate.The Washington Post news paper fluctuation of June12, 2010 talks about a study that was done by University of Utah psychologists using a driving simulator under four different conditions with no distractions, using a contributeheld cell auditory sensation, talking on a hands-free cell mobilise, and while intoxicated to the 0. 08 percent blood-alcohol level, 40 participants followed a simulated pace car that braked intermittently. Researchers found that the drivers on cell rings drove more slowly, braked more slowly and were more likely to crash. In fact, the three participants who collided into the pace car were chatting away.None of the drunken drivers crashed. Now laws have been enforced to prevent accidents from happening on roadways. States such as California, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and Washington D. C. have passed laws that prohibit the use of hand held cell phones while driving. Maryland becomes the seven states to pass the cell phone use while driving. A 2003 Harvard study estimated that cell phone distractions caused 2,600 traffic deaths every year, and 330,000 accidents that result in moderate or pure(a) injuries but Americans have largely ignored that research.Instead, they increasingly use phones, navigation machinations and even laptops to turn their cars into winding offices, chat directions and entertainment centers, making roads more dangerous to other drivers. District of capital of South Carolina require drivers who talk on cell phones to use hands-free devices, but research shows that using headsets can be as dangerous as holding a phone because the conversation distracts drivers from direction on the road. onetime(a) drivers were slightly less likely to get into accidents than younger drivers they tend to have a greater hobby distance.Their reactions be impaired, but they ar driving so c arful they were less likely to smash into somebody. excessively new drives are especially on the top list to have an accident when they use a cell phone while driving. The reasoning for this is that new drivers have less experience in focusing on driving during distractions. Also teen drivers send text messages while driving. Since text messaging embarrasss the hands and the eyes, this is thought to be more distracting and dangerous than when drivers use a cell phone while driving only for speaking and listening.Now days most of the new cars has phones that is already built in the car and using that is would be dangerous as picking up the phone and dialing. Overall, if drivers feel they can non use a ham-fisted device or if they are easily distracted on the road by their conversation, then they should not be driving, because they are a danger to others on the road. Also if they posit to talk or text they should pull up to the side and finish their business before they get back to the road and driving.Cell Phone Usage While DrivingIts an even greater challenge if I dont have my have glasses on I never wear them while driving. It takes two hands to fiber. My 20-something children can do it one handed, rarely looking at the keyboard. The light changes. Im nearly finished. Hurry, Hurry, I tell my self, pulling into the crossroad while pressing send. Boone. L. (2009, August 10). Cell phone usage while driving should be banned completely in the US do to all hazards it creates on a daily institution on US roads.As a professional driver (truck driver) he sees it everyday, drivers with a cell phone in hand testing while driving, or on the phone talking to mortal, completely unaware of their surroundings, swerving, fall down, ten, twenty, and even thirty miles an hour from the posted speed limit, not thinking for one second the dangerous situation that they are putting themselves and others in.He doesnt understand how can drivers in spite of of all the advertising campaigns on television, radio, billboards, newspapers, and magazines, drivers still go a head and use that cell phone while driving. But one of the bruise thing he sees on a daily basis, is the volume that are supposed to be enforcing this laws (the turn arounds) are the first to be breaking them. Just every cop he sees driving on the road is talking on the cell phone. W secure, like they say adopt by example.Just the other day while driving on the highway as he was approaching an off rage, he looks to the right and see a car with a young fair sex driving and a baby in the rear seat, she is on the phone, not looking to the left for one second to check the on approach path traffic, and Just as she is at the point were the off ramp meets the highways, she takes a look to the left, and realizes that she has no room to go in to the highway and has to force her self to the bring up and into the rays, almost crashing into the trees.How can she be so careless? What kind of person puts a baby and them self in that situation? Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. ) A pass over by The National Highway Traffic Safety plaque states that driving while using the cell phone probably is hazardous, but wouldnt speculate how great the risk was, nor what other mitigating factors might be involve. Now the numbers game are staggering, Schroeder, P. , Meyers, M. & Stinkbug, L. 2013, April) the statistics for 2011 on cell phone and driving say its estimated that at least 23% of all car accidents ACH year involves cell phone use th ats 1. 3 million crashes, 3,331 people were killed and 387,00 were injured, and in 2012, 24% of all car accidents each year involves cell phone use, 3,328 people were killed, and 421,00 were injured. With this type of statistics, and as we can see, on the rise every year, what are the law makers or the government time lag for, to establish a ban on cell phone use while driving.States have proposed bans on cell phone use while driving, for example leave out by Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. ) in Arizona, a person shall not operate a ram vehicle on a Agway while using a cellular telephone, a computer, headphones or earphones, excluding hearing aids or other devices for improving the hearing of the person, and any other electronic device not installed by the manufacturing business an that is not essential to the operation of a drive vehicle.In Colorado, mobile communications device means a cellular phone, citizens band radio, or other device that enables a person in a motor vehicle to t ransmit and receive auditory sensation signals No person shall use mobile communication device while operating a motor vehicle unless the device is pacifically designated to allow hands-free operation. Like the states hint above, in 2000 there were seven more states, that propose bans on cell phones while driving and postcode has come out of this proposals.From the year 2000 to present, the numbers on this surveys and studies that are been conducted by this government entities and private companies are still on the rise, and drivers dont front to exigency to change their habits while driving, and all the debates between state legislators dont seem to be getting them no were, and at least for the moment dont for see any hangs in the laws any time soon. What can we, as liable adults, and drivers do to help minimize this hazards that are been created by commanding drivers everyday.How can we get this so called legislators, to change their minds and finally approve bans that we s o desperately need to make our roads much safer than what they are now. open we not seen enough? How many friends, family members, families, and children, or loved ones need to be killed or affected, before someone does something about this absent minded killer.Cell Phone Usage While DrivingIts an even greater challenge if I dont have my eating glasses on I never wear them while driving. It takes two hands to type. My 20-something children can do it one handed, rarely looking at the keyboard. The light changes. Im almost finished. Hurry, Hurry, I tell my self, pulling into the intersection while pressing send. Boone. L. (2009, August 10). Cell phone usage while driving should be banned completely in the US do to all hazards it creates on a daily basis on US roads.As a professional driver (truck driver) he sees it everyday, drivers with a cell phone in hand testing while driving, or on the phone talking to someone, completely unaware of their surroundings, swerving, slowing down, te n, twenty, and even thirty miles an hour from the posted speed limit, not thinking for one second the dangerous situation that they are putting themselves and others in.He doesnt understand how can drivers despite of all the advertising campaigns on television, radio, billboards, newspapers, and magazines, drivers still go a head and use that cell phone while driving. But one of the worst thing he sees on a daily basis, is the people that are supposed to be enforcing this laws (the cops) are the first to be breaking them. Just every cop he sees driving on the road is talking on the cell phone. Wright, like they say lead by example.Just the other day while driving on the highway as he was approaching an off ramp, he looks to the right and see a car with a young woman driving and a baby in the rear seat, she is on the phone, not looking to the left for one second to check the on coming traffic, and Just as she is at the point were the off ramp meets the highways, she takes a look to t he left, and realizes that she has no room to go in to the highway and has to force her self to the shoulder and into the rays, almost crashing into the trees.How can she be so careless? What kind of person puts a baby and them self in that situation? Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. ) A report by The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that driving while using the cell phone probably is hazardous, but wouldnt speculate how great the risk was, nor what other mitigating factors might be involve. Now the numbers are staggering, Schroeder, P. , Meyers, M. & Stinkbug, L. 2013, April) the statistics for 2011 on cell phone and driving say its estimated that at least 23% of all car accidents ACH year involves cell phone use thats 1. 3 million crashes, 3,331 people were killed and 387,00 were injured, and in 2012, 24% of all car accidents each year involves cell phone use, 3,328 people were killed, and 421,00 were injured. With this type of statistics, and as we can see, on the rise every year, what are the law makers or the government waiting for, to establish a ban on cell phone use while driving.States have proposed bans on cell phone use while driving, for example Excerpt by Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. ) in Arizona, a person shall not operate a motor vehicle on a Agway while using a cellular telephone, a computer, headphones or earphones, excluding hearing aids or other devices for improving the hearing of the person, and any other electronic device not installed by the manufacturer an that is not essential to the operation of a motor vehicle.In Colorado, mobile communications device means a cellular phone, citizens band radio, or other device that enables a person in a motor vehicle to transmit and receive audio signals No person shall use mobile communication device while operating a motor vehicle unless the device is pacifically designated to allow hands-free operation. Like the states mention above, in 2000 there were seven more states, that propose bans on cell phones while driving and nothing has come out of this proposals.From the year 2000 to present, the numbers on this surveys and studies that are been conducted by this government entities and private companies are still on the rise, and drivers dont seem to want to change their habits while driving, and all the debates between state legislators dont seem to be getting them no were, and at least for the moment dont for see any hangs in the laws any time soon. What can we, as responsible adults, and drivers do to help minimize this hazards that are been created by irresponsible drivers everyday.How can we get this so called legislators, to change their minds and finally approve bans that we so desperately need to make our roads much safer than what they are now. Have we not seen enough? How many friends, family members, families, and children, or loved ones need to be killed or affected, before someone does something about this absent minded killer.

Gary Klein and William Glasser Doctors Essay

Psychology, agree to Websters Dictionary is the domain of mind and behavior in relation to a particular firmament of knowledge or activity. This is a wide open field, with hundreds of theories and practices. Its daunting to compare them and utilize their benefits to an individual. Psychologists found on patients needs have to decide what specific therapy would be advisable to use some flush develop theyre own therapy method actings. Two such doctors, Gary Klein and William Glasser did just that researched developed and put into fruition theyre own. Gary Klein received his Ph.D. in experimental psychology from the University of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in l969. He was an Associate Professor of Psychology at Oakland University, California, from l970 to l974. Klein worked as a research psychologist for the United States Air Force from l974 to 1978. He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, has written all over seventy papers and authored several books. Klein, is Ch ief Scientist of the Klein Association, a group he established in l978, to understand how to improve conclusion making in individuals and teams. He is cardinal of the pass ons n the field of naturalistic finding making. Dr. Kleins extensive work on light decision making includes the design of new systems and interfaces, and decision training programs. He has determined, through with(predicate) research that good decision making is problem detection, option generation, and sense make planning and re-planning.He and his associates use CTA methods to study decision making in more than 60 domains, including firefighting, command and control, software troubleshooting, healthcare, and consumer purchasing. Cognitive learning requires a different concept of the learning process. It depends profoundly on mental models, which is a cluster of fundamental beliefs close how things happen. We need to revise our belief system as experience shows the inadequacy of our current ways of thinki ng, Dr. Klein states (iscram.org). Kleins books detail his theories and highlight his research projects, they alike provide the tools needed for individuals to practice competent decision making. His roughly popular book is the Source of Power, published in l999. This book discusses the theory Dr. Klein and his associates developed called, naturalistic decision-making.It fundamentally lends validity of scientific research to techniques that most of us use every day intuition, which is based on the rapid (perhaps even subconscious) interpretation of perceptual cues theres mental simulation, a finely honed method of visualization, storytelling, and metaphor, which enable decision -makers to devise meaningful frameworks and compare present situations to previous events. Dr. Klein tells us thatno one is born with an inherent mastery of these techniques, but we are all born with the capability to develop them through experience.His book titled Working Minds A Practitioners Guide to Cog nitive Task Analysis, in 2006, co-authored with Beth Cramdall and Robert Hoffman, depicts how to collect data about cognitive processes and events how to analyze CTA, and communicate findings. The Power of Intuition, written in 2004 demonstrates that the expertise to recognize patterns and other cues that enables us, intuitively to make right decisions, is a natural extension of experience. Klien defines a three tiered process called the Exceleration Program. Readers are provided with the tools needed to help make tough choices, notice potential problems, hump uncertainty, and size up situations quickly.He professes how to communicate these decisions more effectively, how to coach others in the art of intuition, and recognize an over dependence on information technology(librarything.com). Dr. Klein is most known for his theory of Naturalistic Decision reservation (NDM) the movement originated at a conference in Dayton, Ohio in l989, which resulted in a book with Caroline Zsambo k, aptly titled Naturalistic Decision Making, in l996. This book describes in detail there theory, and also put it in simple laymans words naturalistic decision making, (NDW) is the way muckle use their experiences to make decisions. The Naturalistic Decision Making framework focuses on cognitive functions, such as decision making, sensemaking, situational awareness, planning which emerge in natural settings and take forms that are not easily replicated in the laboratory basically documentary life situations and observations are used. NDM s components show experts how to make decisions in the real world using descriptive methods, stresses, and time pressures.Other related research areas include behavioral decision theory, judgment decision making and organizational decision making (2). The forms of NDM are Recognition primed decision making. Related theories methods critical decision method, exploration based theory, and image theory. NDM and teams are the most used prospect of t his theory, based on studying teams in their natural environment real teams performing real tasks in real settings. Also, contextual focus as opposed to more general and abstract (9). To break NDM bolt down to the core, it is a method of making decisions using real situations, not hypotheses. Work Citedeverything2com. William Glasser. 2 Mar 2002. 1 May 2008 http//everything2.com/ e2node/William%2520GlasserGlasser,William. The Glasser Approach. The William Glasser Insitute. 1 May 2008 http//wglasser.comiscram.org. Gary Klein. ISCRAM Community. 28 Nov 2007. 30 April 2008. http// www.iscram.org/index.php?option=content&tast= soak up&id=1984&Itemid=2librarything.com. Descriptions. Library Thing. 1 May 2008 http//www.librarything. com/work/61019/descriptions/ocw.mit.edu. Naturalistic Decision Making. 2 May 2008. http//ocw.mit.edu